🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
El Médano – Los Médanos Geoglyphs (Copiapó Dune Field)
El Molle to Copiapó Culture · Copiapó Atacameño–Diaguita caravaneers
Dune-plinth geoglyphs south of Copiapó: 14 trench-revetted figures resisting barchan burial.
🇴🇲 Oman · Earthwork
Jebel Qara Desert Kites
Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, Qara Neolithic · Dhofar Neolithic pastoral-hunter groups
18 Neolithic limestone desert kites (4600-3800 BCE) on Dhofar's Jebel Qara, southernmost kite province at monsoon escarpment.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Tayma Mustatil Field
Neolithic, Arabian Late Neolithic 5200-5000 BCE · North Arabian Late Neolithic pastoralists
12 Neolithic mustatil ritual enclosures (5000-5200 BCE) on Tayma sabkha margin with causeway gates aligned to Jebel Ghunaym.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Maitland East Mesa Kite Chain (Ghabit–Maitland Corridor)
Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic · Black Desert ridge pastoralists
Ridge chain ESE of Maitland's Mesa: 9 notch-anchored kites along 6.2 km Ghabit basalt ridge.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Uyuk Valley Kurgans
Early Iron Age, Aldy-Bel to Sagly · Aldy-Bel to Sagly Saka, Tuva
15 Saka kurgans (750-500 BCE) in Uyuk Valley elite line with rank-size hierarchy and Chu silk, satellite to Arzhan royals.
🇮🇱 Israel · Geoglyph
Wadi Arabah Desert Kite Cluster (Arava Rift Valley)
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze I · Arava Chalcolithic–EB pastoral-miners
Rift-floor kite cluster 18 m asl in the Arava north of Eilat: 11 V-shaped Negev-type traps.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Glastonbury Lake Village – Iron Age Crannog Cluster
Iron Age, British Middle–Late (Hod Hill + Glastonbury ware) · Iron Age Somerset wetland Britons (Durotriges–Dumnonii border)
250 BCE–50 BCE Iron Age peat islands—90 wattle houses on Somerset artificial crannogs.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Zhetytobe Kurgan Necropolis (Turkestan Ridge – Ancient Asativ)
Early to Middle Saka · Saka of the eastern Aral–Karatau
Seven-hills ridge with 7 giant kurgans 42-72 m plus 14 satellites: Saka necropolis above Sozak oasis.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Jarlshof Broch & Iron Age–Norse Settlement Complex (Sumburgh, Shetland)
Late Neolithic to Late Norse (2700 BCE–14th c CE) · Neolithic → Bronze Age → Iron Age Pictish → Norse (Scalloway Jarlshof horizon)
4,000-yr Shetland settlement (2700 BCE–14th c) — 10-m broch with 4 wheelhouses overlain by Norse longhouses at Sumburgh.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Cerro Unita South Geoglyph Extension (Gigante S Sur)
Late Intermediate (Tarapacá) · Tarapacá interior oasis people
South spur of Atacama Giant hill: 19 figures including lizard and raptor framing Giant viewshed.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Central Massif Annex Kurgan (Tasmola Taldy-2 Annex Centre)
Tasmola Early Saka (8th–6th c BCE) with Korgantas secondary 400 BCE · Tasmola (Tagisken) + Korgantas Karaganda
58 m Tasmola massif annex 6.8 m with 12×14 m enclosure and 6 horse ditch sacrifices — central massif not satellite.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Ghasemabad
Sassanian 6th c. to Ilkhanid 1226 CE to present · Sassanian then Islamic Yazd hydraulic community
12th century high-discharge qanat (14 km, 320 shafts, 190 L/s) feeding Ghasemabad bagh and Yazd mills.
🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Falaj al-Khatmeen (Birkat al-Mouz — UNESCO aflaj flagship)
Iron Age II to Islamic (1000 BCE–present; active) · Iron Age Oman (Lizq–Rumaylah) → Sasanian → Islamic Ya'aribah
3.5-km Iron Age daudi qanat (c.1000 BCE, 8 shafts) delivering 70 l/s — UNESCO aflaj flagship at Birkat al-Mouz.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) — Frozen Royal Kurgan, Uyuk Valley Tuva
Early Scythian (Arzhan horizon, early Saka, Aldy-Bel–Mongun-Taiga precursor) · Early Scythian (Aldy-Bel / Arzhan, Proto-Saka–Mongun-Taiga)
Late 9th-c BCE frozen royal kurgan (140 x 130 m, 1.8 ha) — earliest Scythian princely tomb in Siberian Valley of the Kings.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Menua (Semiramis / Shamiram) Canal (Van, Eastern Anatolia)
Iron Age (Urartian Kingdom) · Urartian
Urartian masterpiece (1,720 m, 38°30′37″N 43°21′58″E 38.5103,43.3661; also 38°29′39″N 43°22′48″E Van city) 56 km (35 mi) gravity canal plus aqueducts built by King Menua (r.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Salar de Llamara Geoglyphs
Late Intermediate Pica-Charcollo · Pica-Charcollo and Atacameno traders
80+ horizontal salt-flat geoglyphs (1000-1350 CE) on Salar de Llamara halite crust, caravan staging road.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Temple of Zeus at Aizanoi
Roman Imperial (High Empire) · Roman Phrygia (Aezanitai polis under Rome)
Hadrianic Ionic pseudodipteral 9×15 with intact vaulted cryptoporticus, Phrygian Roman gem.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
La Leche Valley Pampa Geoglyphs (Lambayeque)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Sicán / Lambayeque) · Sicán / Lambayeque
Seasonal desert pampa (85 m) in lower La Leche basin (6°00′-6°40′S 79°10′-80°00′W) between the Sican capital Batan Grande and Túcume adobe pyramids, georeferenced by UNESCO tentative 6419 (Ceremonial…
🇫🇷 France · Hydraulic works
Barbegal Roman Aqueduct & Mill Ensemble (Fontvieille, Provence)
Roman Imperial (Hadrian to Severan, 2nd–3rd c CE) · Roman Gallo-Roman (Arelate)
Hadrianic 16-wheel industrial mills (early 2nd c CE) on 9 km aqueducts — Roman factory producing 4.5 t flour/day for Arles.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Grand Canal – Beijing-Hangzhou Section (Jing-Hang Yunhe)
Spring & Autumn to Sui to Qing continuous operation · Wu State, Sui, Yuan engineers plus successive dynasties
1,797 km artificial river (5th c. BCE–609 CE)—world's longest canal, feeding capitals for 1,400 years.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Chilikty Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, Early Saka / Arzhan-Chemurchek transition · Early Saka (Sakae) pastoralists
730 BCE Early Saka royal kurgan (100 m) with 500+ gold appliques and 17 horses, earliest monumental Saka tomb in East Kazakhstan.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Dholavira Rock-Cut Reservoirs – Rann of Kutch
Early to Mature Harappan to Late Harappan · Harappan (Sindhu–Sarasvati)
16 Harappan rock-cut reservoirs (2600–1900 BCE) — 250,000 m³ desert catchment, Dholavira.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Band-e Gargar Canal & Dam (Shushtar Darian Canal Head)
Sasanian (Shapur I–II) – UNESCO 1315 ensemble · Sasanian with Roman engineer captives
Sasanian Gargar diversion dam (210 m, 9 slots) feeding 47-km handmade canal watering Mianab plain.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Karakol Kurgans
Early Bronze Age, Karakol culture 2500-1800 BCE · Karakol culture (Altai Early Bronze)
Early Bronze stone-slab cist kurgans (2500-1800 BCE) at Karakol with tri-color polychrome slab paintings, pre-Pazyryk Altai.