🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tuekta Kurgans – Pazyryk Culture Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Scytho-Siberian Pazyryk · Pazyryk (Scytho-Siberian) culture
600–400 BCE Pazyryk royal barrows (early plateau ancestors)—8 horses and earliest Altai felt art.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Pokrovka Kurgans – Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian Necropolis
Early Iron Age (Sauromatian to Early Sarmatian) · Sauromatian / Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka)
40+ Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian kurgans (600–200 BCE) — 'Amazon' female warrior necropolis on Ilek River.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Southern Breakwater at Anapa Bay
Early Holocene wetland to Late Antiquity · Bosporan Greek
Southern mole of Gorgippia — 75 m rubble breakwater at 4–6 m protecting Sukko anchorage in Anapa Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Eastern Lobe Submerged Lower Town (Taman Bay)
Archaic to Medieval (543 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
Easternmost third of Phanagoria submerged 1–5 m in Taman Bay — harbour mole, shipwreck and street grid 300 m offshore.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Chersonesos Taurica — Quarantine Bay Western Harbour Submerged
Archaic to Late Medieval (c.528 BCE – 1399 CE) · Megarian Greek / Byzantine
Megarian Black Sea polis UNESCO — western Quarantine Bay harbour and street grid now 1–3 m submerged at Sevastopol.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Northern Basin Breakwater Extension (Anapa Bay North)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Northern breakwater of Gorgippia at Anapa Bay north — 150 m ashlar mole at –2 m and warehouse podium.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Northern Basin Breakwater Extension (Anapa Bay North) — v2
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Northern breakwater of Gorgippia at Anapa Bay north — 150 m ashlar mole at –2 m and warehouse podium.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria – Sunken Bosporan Capital
Archaic Greek to Medieval (543 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Khazar / Byzantine / Russian
Greatest Greek city of Taman — one third now submerged under Taman Bay containing harbour and lower town.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Western Emporium Anchorage at Taman Strait (Western Strait)
Archaic to Late Antique (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Western strait emporium of Patrai at Taman Strait — 70 m mole at –3 m and customs quay with moorings.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Pantikapaion — Harbour and Submerged North Slope (Kerch Bay)
Archaic to Late Antique (c.600 BCE – 375 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan Kingdom
Bosporan capital on Mount Mithridat — lower harbour and north-slope warehouses now 0.5–3 m submerged in Kerch Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Strait Emporium Submerged (Kerch Strait Taman Shore)
Archaic to Roman (c.550 BCE – 240 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Kerch Strait narrows emporium — lower harbour 1.5–4 m submerged on Taman spit opposite Kerch, controls Bosporus passage.
🇷🇺 Russia · Ancient city
Derbent — Naryn-Kala Citadel and Double Walls (Caspian Gates)
Caucasian Albania to Sasanian to Islamic (c.100 BCE–19th c.; peak Sasanian 6th c.) · Caucasian Albanian → Sasanian Persian → Khazar → Arab → Shirvanshah → Russian
Sasanian 3.6 km double-wall Caspian Gates with Naryn-Kala citadel sealing Caucasus passage.
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Arzhan Royal Kurgan
Early Scythian (~900–700 BCE) · Aldy-Bel / Arzhan (early Scythian–Siberian)
Enormous 120-m stone platform kurgan in the Uyuk depression, where archaeologists led by Gryaznov and later Chugunov uncovered a radial larch log mortuary house with central royal double burial and…
🇷🇺 Russia · Hillfort
Ustyurt Plateau Arrow Kite East
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Ustyurt Plateau Arrow Kite East in South Siberia, Russia is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) hillfort attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Geoglyph
Alta Trail Carving East
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Alta Trail Carving East in South Siberia, Russia is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) geoglyph attributed to Medieval culture.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Kuban Delta Western Harbour Mole
Classical to Medieval (500 BCE – 1000 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Western Kuban mole of Phanagoria — timber-piled harbour at former river mouth, now silted 1–2.5 m in delta.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tunnug 1 (Arzhan 0) — Frozen Royal Kurgan, Uyuk Valley Tuva
Early Scythian (Arzhan horizon, early Saka, Aldy-Bel–Mongun-Taiga precursor) · Early Scythian (Aldy-Bel / Arzhan, Proto-Saka–Mongun-Taiga)
Late 9th-c BCE frozen royal kurgan (140 x 130 m, 1.8 ha) — earliest Scythian princely tomb in Siberian Valley of the Kings.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Central Submerged Emporium in Kerch Strait
Archaic to Late Antiquity (6th c. BCE – 500 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Roman
Central strait emporium of Patrai — transshipment mole at 2–4 m in Kerch Strait handling grain toll.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Kaup-Wiskiauten Viking Cemetery (Mochovoye)
Early Middle Ages (9th–11th c. Viking Age) · Scandinavian Varangians + Prussian Sambians
Kaup-Wiskiauten Viking Cemetery (Mochovoye) in Kaliningrad Oblast, Zelenogradsk District, Mochovoye village on Curonian Spit edge, Russia is a Early Middle Ages (9th–11th c.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Northern Lagoon Harbour in Taman Bay
Archaic to Medieval Rus (550 BCE – 1400 CE) · Mytilenean Greek / Bosporan / Byzantine / Kievan Rus
Northern lagoon harbour of Hermonassa — rubble mole and timber causeway at 1.5–3 m in Taman lagoon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Tsemes Bay Harbour at Novorossiysk
Archaic to Late Antiquity (550 BCE – 370 CE) · Sindian / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Submerged harbour of Bata — Classical mole at 3–8 m under Novorossiysk commercial port in Tsemes Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Southern Harbour at Toretae Cape
Archaic to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 600 CE) · Toretae / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern harbour of Toricos — rubble mole and galley slipway at 2–4 m off Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi — Eastern Submerged Necropolis and Offshore Grave Terrace (Taman East)
Archaic to Late Antique (580 BCE – 300 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan / Sarmatian
Eastern necropolis terrace of Kepoi in Taman Gulf east — 90 cist graves at –2 m and 60 m wall.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Novozavedennoye Kurgan Field – Stavropol Steppe
Maikop to Sarmatian (3600 BCE–300 CE) · Maikop / Yamnaya / Catacomb / Sarmatian
Stratified Maikop–Catacomb–Sarmatian kurgan cemetery (3600 BCE–300 CE) — Caucasus-steppe anchor.