🇴🇲 Oman · Hydraulic works
Aflaj al-Ain Nizwa Branch — Daudi Falaj Highland Channel
Sasanian to Islamic · Omani, Sasanian Persian, Ibadi
Nizwa Daudi mother well 30 m with 8-km tunnel and shari'a sharing basin, UNESCO aflaj highland branch.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Areni-1 Cave Complex
Late Chalcolithic (Areni phase, 4300–3400 BCE) · Areni / Late Chalcolithic South Caucasus (related to Maykop-Leyla Tepe)
Armenian Chalcolithic wine-cave with 3500 BCE shoe, winery and ibex petroglyphs.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
Baja
Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (c.7400–6800 BCE) · PPNB (southern Levantine highland)
PPNB cliff village (c.7400–6800 BCE, siq access, 2500-bead necklace, painted plaster) 14 km N Petra.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient village
Baʿja
Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B · Arabah/South Levantine LPPNB (Basta–Ba'ja horizon)
LPPNB cliff-gorge two-storey village with siq entry, burned houses and children's mass-grave.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Cancuén Palace-Pyramid City
Maya Classic (Late Classic palace) · Maya (Highland-Pasión portage traders)
Maya water-palace city Cancuén (400–800 CE): 230×150 m largest Maya palace (170 rooms) with attached shrine-pyramids on Pasión River, sacked c.800 CE with elite massacre in cistern.
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Earthwork
Engaruka
Iron Age Iraqw / Sonjo (15th–19th c intensive agricultural) · Iraqw / Sonjo (Datoga/Maasai pressure oral)
3,000 ha irrigated stone terrace and furrow system with 500+ compounds and 5 km canals on Rift escarpment – irrigation without state.
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan · Rock art
Gamigaya Petroglyphs
Eneolithic to Early Iron Age (Kura-Araxes to Urartian hinterland) · Kura-Araxes, Trialeti and Urartian-period highland pastoralists
Zangezur alpine boulder field at 3500 m with 1500 petroglyphs, highest Eurasian rock art.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Kuntur Wasi Archaeological Complex
Initial–Early Horizon 1000–250 BCE · Kuntur Wasi tradition
Gold-temple four platforms, gold burials 800 BCE.
🇮🇷 Iran · Temple complex
Takht-e Soleyman — Throne of Solomon and Azargoshnasb Fire Temple
Sasanian Empire 224–651 CE (peak 5th–7th century) → Ilkhanid 13th century reuse · Sasanian Zoroastrian → Ilkhanid Mongol Islamic palace phase
Sasanian Great Fire temple on a 120 m artesian lake — shahs' coronation sanctuary, later Ilkhanid palace.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Wadi Jirdan East Spate Dam (Eastern Hadramawt Jirdan Spate Canal System)
Himyarite to Zaydi 380–980 CE Hadramawt east · Himyarite Jirdan Hadramawt then Zaydi highland (Yemen)
Dual spate weirs 85+62×2.8 m gabion with 4 spillways 12 m feeding 6.2 km distributary 38 ha: Himyarite 380 Zaydi 980.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Cumbemayo Aqueduct, Cajamarca
Andean Formative (Early Horizon) · Cajamarca (Cumbemayo culture) pre-Chavín
Andean 9-km zigzag rock-cut canal 1500 BCE with zigzag flow-slowing and Frailones hoodoos.
🇮🇷 Iran · Cave
Ghar-e Boof
Middle Palaeolithic to Epipalaeolithic (c.80,000–15,000 BP) · Zagros Mousterian → Baradostian → Zarzian
Dasht-e Boof Palaeolithic shelter 2 m (80–15 ka, Neanderthal parietal, Zarzian microliths) at 1350 m.
🇬🇳 Guinea · Archaeological wonder
Kissi Stone Figures (Pomdo / Pompdo)
Late Iron to Protohistoric (600–1500 CE) · Proto-Kissi / Sapi
Soapstone 10–40 cm janiform ancestral figures 600–1500 CE in forest-zone rice shrines (200+ recorded).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Kusura Höyük
Early Bronze I–III (3000–2300 BCE) · Early Bronze Western Anatolian
Early Bronze I–III (3000–2300 BCE) tell of Early Bronze Western Anatolian in Afyon Province, Sandıklı Plain (c.3000 BCE).
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Tara and Burj Karez System (Pishin Valley, Balochistan)
Early Modern on Iron Age antecedent (Achaemenid wad?) · Baloch / Brahui oasis with Afghan karez diffusion
Balochistan karez (fog-qanat) field (1,680 m, 30°12′N 67°03′E 30.20,67.05) in Pishin Lora valley between Khwaja Amran and Takht-i-Sulaiman ranges; twin karez Tara (1.8 km) and Burj (2.3 km) with…
🇮🇱 Israel · Earthwork
Negev Desert Kites – Har Harif & Avdat
PPNB to Early Bronze Age · Levantine Neolithic pastoral-hunters
100 Negev kites on desert plateau—30-cm walls funneling gazelle into live-capture pens (7000–3000 BCE).
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Moxos – Casarabe Culture Monuments
Late Intermediate, Casarabe culture · Casarabe (Moxos) savanna farmers
1,000 km of causeways + 147 forest-island cities (500–1400 CE) in seasonally flooded Beni savanna.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Earthwork
Armenian Desert Kites – Mount Aragats & Syunik
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age · Kura-Araxes to Trialeti pastoralists
20 high-altitude kites on Mount Aragats (3000–800 BCE)—Caucasus extension 1,200 km from Levant.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Earthwork
Bokoni Stone-Walled Terraces
Late Iron Age (1500–1820 CE; peak 1700–1820) · Eastern Sotho (Bokoni)
Bokoni (Koni) terraces in Mpumalanga escarpment are 150 ha dry-stone agricultural terraces 16th–19th c., built by Eastern Sotho Bokoni people on hillslopes with road causeways and stock kraal…
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Nazca Puquios Aqueducts
Nasca culture, Early Intermediate (~500 BCE – 600 CE; puquios ~300–600 CE) · Nasca (Nazca)
Unique Andean hydraulic analog to Persian qanats: 36 puquios, each a stone-lined infiltration gallery tapping sub-river gravel aquifers, ventilated by corkscrew stone spirals descending to the…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sagalassos
Hellenistic to Early Byzantine (classical antiquity to c.640 CE earthquake) · Pisidian → Hellenistic → Roman Imperial → Byzantine
Pisidian highland Roman city at 1,600 m with restored Antonine Nymphaeum and cliff theatre.