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85 places in the atlas, 20 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1950–1070 BCE; fort peak 1860 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier of Nubia (Wawat)
Second Cataract fortress Buhen — Sesostris III's 5-m bastioned walls now 40 m under Nasser.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Meroitic Kingdom (300 BCE–350 CE, preceded by Napatan 750–300 BCE Napatan early pyramids) · Kushite (Meroitic, post-Napatan, Egyptianised)
Northern royal necropolis of Kingdom of Kush at Meroe — Begarawiya North: 45 steep pyramids (Napatan to Meroitic 300 BCE–350 CE) of sandstone, 8–30 m base, 12–30 m high with chapel reliefs, steep 70°…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Egyptian Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian (Middle Kingdom)
Massive L-shaped mudbrick fortress of 12th Dynasty Sesostris III (c.1878–1840 BCE), southernmost of four forts guarding the Semna Cataract narrows at the Egyptian-Nubian border (along with Kumma…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Early Napatan (Tumulus c.890–750 BCE, Napatan pyramids 750–650 BCE) · Kushite (Early Napatan, 25th Dynasty founders, Egyptianised post-Piye)
Ancestral royal cemetery of Kush at Napata (890–650 BCE, Tumulus generation to early Napatan) with 20 pyramids (Ku. Tum. 1–6 early tumulus-pyramids 12 m, Ku.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (1900–1070 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Twin customs forts Semna–Kumma bracketing Second Cataract with Sesostris III's negro-ship decree.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Napatan period (750–300 BCE, peak 700–500 BCE) temples from New Kingdom 1500 BCE · Kushite (Napatan, Amun priests of Barkal)
Pyramid field at sacred mountain Jebel Barkal (Napata capital, 750–300 BCE): ~30 pyramids 10–15 m base clustered at north, west, south groups around 98 m mesa with pinnacle.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty–New Kingdom · Ancient Egyptian (fortified settlement)
Greatest of Middle Kingdom Nubian forts, originally named Iken, built by Senusret III at narrow Second Cataract gorge on west bank, comprising a massive outer fortress enclosing harbour and an inner…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Old Kingdom precursors; Middle Kingdom–New Kingdom · Ancient Egyptian
Southernmost bastion of Egyptian 12th Dynasty canal road, first founded as Old Kingdom copper smelting settlement (2500 BCE) then rebuilt by Senusret I and massively expanded by Senusret III as…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Middle Kingdom to X-Group (1860–500 BCE peak 1850 BCE) · Ancient Egyptian occupier
Mid-Nile island kite-fort Askut guarding Second Cataract channel.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
C-Group, Classic Kerma, New Kingdom, Meroitic–Medieval · Nubian C-Group to Christian Nubian
Double cemetery across Nile at Debeira East (Sudan) and West, excavated by Scandinavian Joint Expedition and Adams (1961–64) before High Dam.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom–New Kingdom · Ancient Egyptian
Compact island fortress mid-stream in Batn el-Hajar (≈ 351 km south of Aswan) built by Senusret III on narrow Askut Island between Shalfak and Mirgissa, controlling the rock-choked channel where…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Meroitic to Christian Nubian, Ottoman · Meroitic, Nobadian, Makurian Christian
Mound of Faras (Pachoras), twin to Qasr Ibrim as source of largest Christian Nubian frescoes corpus — 169 frescoes cut from cathedral walls by Polish mission of Kazimierz Michałowski (1961–64) before…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma to New Kingdom (2000 BCE Egyptian colonial peak 1500–1070 BCE, reused Napatan 750 BCE) · Egyptian colonial (18th Dynasty) with Kerma-Nubian substrate
New Kingdom Egyptian temple-town on Sai Island (Thutmose III) with northern town fortified settlement, Egyptian temple for Amun (later Kushite), and associated small pyramids and shaft tombs in…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Dramatic triangular mudbrick island fortress (c.1850 BCE) perched on rocky islet midstream of the formerly turbulent Second Cataract, complementing Semna system.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Napatan period (700–300 BCE, peak 600–400 BCE queens field) · Kushite (Napatan, Egyptianised queens of 25th Dynasty)
Napatan queens' necropolis (700–300 BCE) with 35 steep sandstone pyramids 6–10 m base, 12 m high with eastern chapel and descendry to pillared burial chamber, for 25th Dynasty queens and Kushite…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE, Kerma Moyen to Classique) · Kerma culture (Nubian, Classic Kerma)
Massive Classic Kerma mudbrick sacred mountain (c.1750–1500 BCE) in Kerma capital: 52×52 m base, 19 m high preserved with three-stage stairway on east, internal rooms with timber roofs, and ritual…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Late New Kingdom to early Napatan (1200–750 BCE) · Kushite (Nubian, Napatan early, Egyptianised)
Napatan-period cemetery (1200–750 BCE, early Kush) 3 km south of Jebel Barkal near Karima, on low sandstone ridge.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Early Kerma to Classic Kerma (Ancient Kerma 2500 BCE to Classic 1700 BCE, peak 2000–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Nubian, pre-Kushite)
Completely buried sacred city 1.5 km south of Kerma Western Deffufa, discovered by Bonnet-Honegger Swiss mission 2003 with magnetometry: 250×200 m oval enclosure with palisade, ditch, and 13…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE) · Kerma culture (Classic Kerma, Nubian)
Funerary chapel massif contemporary with Western Deffufa (Classic Kerma c.1750–1500 BCE) but funerary: 40×33 m base, 18 m high mudbrick with niche façade, central hall with wooden columns, side…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
New Kingdom (Amenhotep III, 1391–1353 BCE) with Napatan reuse 750 BCE · Egyptian New Kingdom (18th Dynasty, Amenhotep III) Nubian frontier
Festival temple of Amenhotep III (1400 BCE, Nebmaatre) at Soleb on west bank, 55×25 m sandstone pylon temple dedicated to Amun and deified king, with sphinx avenue to Nile and satellite…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
New Kingdom Egyptian colonial (1500–1070 BCE) reused Napatan (750–650 BCE) · Egyptian colonial (New Kingdom) and early Kushite
Napatan and New Kingdom Egyptian cemetery with small steep pyramids (c.1500–500 BCE) on alluvial plain of Nile at Third Cataract near Tombos village.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
New Kingdom (Akhenaten, c.1353–1336 BCE) with Ramesside reuse · Egyptian Amarna Period (Akhenaten) colonial
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) colonial temple-town (c.1350 BCE) with fortified enclosure 270×190 m, triple temple (Amun, Aten, western), columned hall, palace, and pyramidal elite tombs east.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Smallest of Semna cluster, 1 km south of Semna West on desert plateau, square 70 m fort built by Senusret III controlling desert track that bypassed cataract, linked to Semna West by 500 m desert…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty · Ancient Egyptian
Rectangular eastern counterpart to Semna West across the 500 m Semna gorge, built to close the eastern channel and form a fortified river gateway with coupled gate signals.
