🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria — Kuban Delta Western Harbour Mole
Classical to Medieval (500 BCE – 1000 CE) · Bosporan Greek
Western Kuban mole of Phanagoria — timber-piled harbour at former river mouth, now silted 1–2.5 m in delta.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Submerged site
Myos Hormos — Eastern Reef Channel Harbour at Marsa Nakari
Mid-Holocene reef to Late Roman · Roman Egyptian
Outer reef channel of Myos Hormos — 22 m reef cut with Roman concrete at 2–5 m breach at Marsa Nakari.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Gytheio – Submerged Roman Harbour of Laconia
Classical to Late Antique (500 BCE – 600 CE) · Spartan / Roman
Sparta's naval harbour — Roman quays and 70 m concrete mole now at −4 m off Gytheio and Marathonisi, mapped by Flemming 1968–71.
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Submerged site
Salamis Harbour – Sunken Harbour of Evagoras, Famagusta
Iron Age to Early Byzantine (1100 BCE – 648 CE) · Cypriot-Greek / Phoenician / Ptolemaic / Roman / Byzantine
Twin lagoon harbours of Evagoras's Salamis drowned 2.0 m — Flemming 1974 mapped diagonal causeway and quays at −2 m in Famagusta lagoon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Northern Lagoon Harbour in Taman Bay
Archaic to Medieval Rus (550 BCE – 1400 CE) · Mytilenean Greek / Bosporan / Byzantine / Kievan Rus
Northern lagoon harbour of Hermonassa — rubble mole and timber causeway at 1.5–3 m in Taman lagoon.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Tsemes Bay Harbour at Novorossiysk
Archaic to Late Antiquity (550 BCE – 370 CE) · Sindian / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Submerged harbour of Bata — Classical mole at 3–8 m under Novorossiysk commercial port in Tsemes Bay.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Nymphaion — Northern Vineyard Terrace Submerged Harbour
Archaic to Late Antiquity (580 BCE – 400 CE) · Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Northern drowned vineyard-harbour of Nymphaion — rock-cut quay and vine trenches 1.8–3.2 m in Geroevka Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Southern Harbour at Toretae Cape
Archaic to Byzantine (6th c. BCE – 600 CE) · Toretae / Milesian Greek / Bosporan
Southern harbour of Toricos — rubble mole and galley slipway at 2–4 m off Gelendzhik Tonkiy Cape.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Olbia Pontica — Berezan Approach Breakwater
Mid-Holocene forest to Late Antiquity · Milesian Greek / Roman
Northern channel breakwater of Olbia — 70 m mole at 4–6 m off Berezan approach with Holocene forest below.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Patrai — Achilleion Cape Anchorage off Taman
Archaic to Late Antiquity (600 BCE – 400 CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Western Achilles-shrine anchorage of Patrai — jetty and votive platform at 5–8 m off Achilleion Cape.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Pantikapaion — South Mole Harbour Extension
Early Bronze Age land surface to Late Antiquity · Bosporan Hellenistic
Southern rubble mole of Pantikapaion — 90 m breakwater at 3.5–5 m defining royal basin in Kerch Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Toricos — Northern Roadstead Anchorage at Gelendzhik
Classical to Medieval (5th c. BCE – 1200 CE) · Toretae / Bosporan / Genoese
Northern roadstead of Toricos — reef anchorage at 6–9 m with 15 moorings and amphora scatter in Gelendzhik north bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Bata — Gelendzhik Bay Northern Cape Anchorage
Archaic to Byzantine (550 BCE – 600 CE) · Sindian / Toretae / Bosporan
Northern reef roadstead off Gelendzhik — 90 m enhanced reef at 4–6 m with moorings linked to Bata chora.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Southern Breakwater at Anapa Bay
Early Holocene wetland to Late Antiquity · Bosporan Greek
Southern mole of Gorgippia — 75 m rubble breakwater at 4–6 m protecting Sukko anchorage in Anapa Bay.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Chersonesos — Pesochnaya Bay Western Anchorage
Classical to Genoese (5th c. BCE – 1400 CE) · Herakleian / Byzantine / Genoese
Western anchorage of Chersonesos — open roadstead anchor field at 5–8 m in Pesochnaya Bay with jetty.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Nymphaion — Eltegen Eastern Breakwater Harbour
Neolithic land surface to Late Antiquity · Milesian / Bosporan
Eastern fish harbour of Nymphaion — curved breakwater and tidal salt-pool at 2.5–4 m in Eltegen Bay.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Western Cape Anchorage on Taman Spit
Archaic to Medieval (550 BCE – 1200 CE) · Mytilenean / Bosporan / Genoese
Western reef anchorage of Hermonassa — enhanced reef with 12 mooring cuttings at 4–7 m off Tuzla cape.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Kepoi — Eastern Necropolis Offshore Grave Terrace
Archaic to Late Antiquity · Milesian / Bosporan
Eastern drowned grave terrace of Kepoi — limestone mortuary landing at 3–5 m with sarcophagi in situ.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Stryme – Thasian Harbour on the Thracian Coast, Abdera
Archaic to Classical (680–350 BCE) · Thasian Greek / Thracian
Thasian colony 7th c. BCE at Nestos mouth — twin 90 m moles at −4 m in lagoon disputed by Thasos and Maroneia (Herodotus).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Kekova – Sunken City of Dolichiste (Simena)
Lycian to Byzantine (Hellenistic 4th c. BCE – 7th c. CE) · Lycian / Greek / Roman / Byzantine
Lycian harbour town Dolichiste subsided by 2nd c. earthquakes along 500 m of Kekova Island — sarcophagi awash.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Apollonia of Cyrenaica
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (630 BCE–7th c CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrene's port with double submerged harbour at -2.5 m, theatre and Governor's mosaics.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Astypalaia Harbour – Submerged Quays of the Dodecanese Port
Archaic to Medieval (800 BCE – 1522 CE) · Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Venetian
Dodecanese butterfly island — 80 m mole and quays at −3 m beneath Querini castle hill and at Kaminakia Bay 36.5171N.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hasankeyf
Assyrian to Ottoman (12th c. BCE–1920); peak Artukid–Ayyubid 12th–13th century · Assyrian → Roman → Byzantine → Artukid Kurdish → Ayyubid → Ottoman
Cliff-cut Tigris citadel with 10,000 caves, Artukid bridge and salvage-relocated Timurid tomb now under reservoir.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tülintepe West
Late Neolithic–Chalcolithic (c.5500–3500 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid–Altınova Chalcolithic
Western Altınova Neolithic–Chalcolithic village (Halaf–Ubaid, wattle-and-daub to mudbrick) under Lake Keban.